Bio-reactor

ABSTRACT

A bio-reactor for cultivating cells, comprising a culture vessel, at least one gas supply and/or liquid feed in addition to supply devices for gases and/or liquids enabling gases or liquids to be fed to the culture vessel. A mixer device, especially a Venturi nozzle is arranged between the supply device and gas supply or liquid feed in order to mix gas and/or liquid from the gas supply or liquid feed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Subject matter of the invention is a method and a device permitting a quantitative production of gas/gas, gas/liquid or liquid/liquid mixtures by a defined supply of the component(s) to be dosed to a carrier medium and thus a precise, quantitative dosage of a single component or a mixture to culture vessels for biological or (bio-)chemical reactions.

PRIOR ART

Culture vessels for biological or (bio-) chemical reactions, as far as they are not fermentation systems in a scale larger than 1,000 ml, are today usually neither aerated nor do they have suitable dosing devices. The reason for this is that the technical and economical expenses for these regulation systems according to the state of the art are very high and become technically unreasonable with progressing miniaturization of the culture vessels. The prior art with regard to the present invention known from the practice is now presented with reference to various quantitative dosing modules:

Gas Dosage:

A quantitative gas dosage takes place at a constant inlet pressure by mechanical flow-meters, which are regulated with needle valves to the desired gas flow. Further, there exist electronic mass flow controllers, which automatically regulate the gas flow by a regulator unit and electric adjusting orifices. The thus regulated gas flow may be in orders of magnitude between ml gas/h and m gas/h. Biological or (bio-) chemical culture vessels are supplied in each of their applications by an own gas dosage section. At the outlet opening toward the culture vessel, pearl-type ejectors may be provided. (Braun Biotech International GmbH, bio-reactors series BIOSTAR A, B, MD, Q, D, U). In none of these cases the gas flow is used as a carrier medium for liquids or other gases. Furthermore, no Venturi nozzles are used at the outlet opening, in order to intensify the mixture with the reaction liquid and thus the effectivity of the aeration.

Liquid Dosage:

a) Pumps.

As a standard, pumps of any design are used for the quantitative dosage of liquids. They take an aliquot according to the setting of a superimposed regulator from a storage vessel and pump it through a supply line to the reaction vessel. The transporting force is here the pump capacity. For biological or (bio-) chemical culture vessels, dosage pumps for acid, lye, anti-foam agent and one to two substrate solutions are usual, which simply pump the liquid into the reaction liquid (Braun Biotech International GmbH, bio-reactors series BIOSTAR A, B, MD, Q, D, U). In none of these cases the liquid is contacted with a gas flow leading to an aerosol generation and thus to a homogeneous mixture and to a more efficient use of the gas.

b) Pressure Feeds.

For larger culture vessels (more than approx. 50 liters), liquid feed vessels are used, which have an overpressure compared to the culture vessel and are connected therewith by a supply line with an integrated clock valve. If now a liquid dosage is to take place, a regulator opens the clock valve for a certain time, so that by the overpressure liquid is pressed to the culture vessel. By means of the parameters opening time, cross-section of the supply line, overpressure and viscosity of the liquid, the dosage can quantitatively be calibrated (Braun Biotech International GmbH, bio-reactors series customer-specific production systems). For biological or (bio-) chemical culture vessels, feed vessels for acid, lye, anti-foam agent and one to two substrate solutions are usual, which simply “press” the liquid into the reaction liquid. In none of these cases the liquid is contacted with a gas flow leading to an aerosol generation and thus to a homogeneous mixture of more efficient use of the gas.

c) Mixing Stations with Venturi Nozzles.

Venturi nozzles as such are known from other sectors than bio-reactors. Venturi nozzles generate due to their flow characteristics an underpressure at the side inlet, because of which toward the flowing medium 1 (gas or liquid) another medium 2 (gas or liquid) can be sucked in. In the outlet section of the nozzle, a homogeneous mixture of the two media takes place. If the cross sections of the nozzle, the viscosity of the media and the inlet pressure of the nozzle are known, a quantitative mixture can be achieved. Medium 1 may continue functioning behind the nozzle due to its overpressure as a transport medium. Venturi nozzles are used for manifold applications for the aeration (water-jet pumps), in flowmeters (delta pressure) or for the mixture of various media, e.g. dilution of concentrates with a second medium. In a micro scale, Venturi nozzles can be employed for a quantitative sampling of a medium (Fox Valve Development Corp., Hamitton Business Park, Dover, N.J. 07801 USA, lntemetfoxvalve.com). Although with the use of Venturi nozzles, a multitude of applications for dosage and mixture in daily use are known (e.g. Jacuzzi), although they do not have any movable wear parts and thus represent an ideal dosing device, the application of such nozzles in the sector of biological and (bio-) chemical culture vessels for the dosage of gases or liquids by means of a transport medium has not been described before. Furthermore, no dosing system according to the present invention for biological and (bio-)chemical culture vessels has been described, which can combine a transport medium with several dosage media (gas or liquid), permits a quantitative dosage and in addition, if applicable, has atomization nozzles or mixing nozzles at the outlet, in order to secure a better mixture with the reaction liquid or a more effective use of the dosed liquid.

As a summary, the disadvantages of the prior art for culture vessels for biological and (bio) chemical culture vessels are:

-   -   Not suitable for a miniaturization below 1,000 ml culture vessel         volume.     -   Expensive for parallel systems, susceptible to interferences,         uneconomic, and only limited use.     -   High cost.

The dosage of liquids, gases or mixtures thereof into culture vessels for biological and (bio-) chemical reactions requires enormous economic and mechanical efforts and is not reasonable for a larger number of parallely operated culture vessels.

TECHNICAL OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide for an effective, economic and miniaturization-suitable fluid dosing method as well as a device therefor.

BASICS OF THE INVENTION

The object is achieved by a method and a device for producing a carrier fluid, which can simultaneously be used for the aeration of the culture vessel.

To the carrier fluid can be quantitatively and definedly admixed the fluids to be dosed. Without the use of pumps and other complicated mechanical parts, defined conditions can in this way be established in the culture vessel in the reaction liquid and in the atmosphere of the vessel, and simultaneously the properties of the dosed fluid are used in an optimum manner.

The invention is particularly suited for the parallel operation of several culture vessels. The present invention can be used in all sectors, where in culture vessels biological or biochemical reactions are performed, particularly in the sector biotechnology, food technology and environmental protection.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The above object is achieved, with regard to the method, by that the fluid to be dosed or the fluids to be dosed are admixed in a defined concentration to one or several carrier and transport fluids (carrier fluids), and that this carrier fluid or these carrier fluids, resp., are supplied in a defined amount and/or time units to the culture vessel either into the reaction medium or into the headspace.

The above object is achieved, with regard to the device, by devices for the admixture of one or several fluids to be dosed to one or several carrier fluids, and the supply to one or several culture vessels, as described in the following examples and the patent claims.

As an example, in the following the description of the individual modules and properties according to the invention is given with reference to a 1,000 ml culture vessel with 500 ml liquid volume. It is specifically emphasized that the numbers (in particular the relative statements) can be adjusted to culture vessels having volumes of 1 ml to 50 m³, the cross sections of the nozzles and dosing sections respectively having to be adjusted.

a) Gas as the Transport Medium of the Device.

The module gas supply of the device is composed of the following essential components (drawing 1):

-   -   Pressure gas inlet.     -   Three-way valve DV1 or inlet and outlet valve.     -   Gas container B1.     -   Gas filter F1.     -   Pressure compensation duct DG1.

The pressure gas inlet with an input over-pressure compared to the culture vessel of 0.1 to 10 bars, preferably 0.2 to 1 bar, in particular 0.5 bar, is connected via a pressure-resistant hose, internal diameter 0.5 to 8 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, in particular 1 mm, to the three-way valve DV1 (see drawing 1). The valve DV1 is arranged such that the gas container B1 with a container volume of 1 to 40%, preferably 1 to 10%, in particular 5%, of the liquid volume in the culture vessel, is filled up with pressurized air or another gas. A built-in piston can vary the filling volume of the gas container from 0 to 100% of the container volume. After achieving the pressure compensation, the valve DV1 is changed to the other position, gas container—culture vessel. By the pressure compensation, a gas flows toward the culture vessel is generated, and said gas flow can be conducted behind an optional gas filter through the modules described below and finally flows out in the headspace or the reaction liquid of the culture vessel. The pressure compensation capillary branching off behind the three-way valve DV1 provides for an equalized pressure between the gas supply and the modules liquid feed. At the output of the module gas supply, a filter may be provided for the filtration of the transport medium. The culture vessel is supplied by this device according to the invention discontinuously in a simple way with defined and thus quantifiable “gas portions”. The smaller the container volume and the higher the clock rate of the valve is, the more this discontinuous gas flow comes closer to a continuous gas flow. In the following table, the container volume is 5% of the liquid volume of the reaction liquid (example 25 ml container volume, 500 ml reaction liquid volume) and the aeration rate VF the quotient of gas volume/h divided by volume reaction liquid. TABLE 1 Clock rate Gas flow/min VF valve/min in % liquid volume (1/h) 0  0    0 1  5% 3 2 10% 6 5 25% 15 10 50% 30 15 75% 45 20 100%  60 25 125%  75 50 250%  150

For aerobic, biological or (bio-) chemical reactions, the VF values are usually between 5 and 60 (1/h). This can easily be achieved with the present module according to the invention in a nearly “continuous” gas flow, complicated mechanical or electronic flow measurements and regulators not being required. Essential for an optimum and continuous gas supply of cultures of microorganisms with optimum use of the gas is the so-called “gas hold-up”, i.e. the hold-up time of the gas bubbles in the reaction solution, whereas the gas exchange can take place at the border face between gas bubble and liquid by diffusion. An optimum use of the gas with simultaneous optimum aeration rate is achieved, when the “gas gold-up” is equal to the clock rate of the valve DV1. There is always a dosage of gas, when the gas bubbles disappear from the liquid. A variation of the amount of passed-through gas can be achieved by the variable volume of the gas container. Furthermore, the structure according to the invention of the module reduces the tendency to foam generation, since there is dosed always that amount only of gas, which is necessary for an optimum supply to the culture.

b) Liquid as the Transport Medium.

In lieu of the module gas supply, liquid can be used as the transport medium. In this case, the module gas supply is replaced by a controlled liquid pump, which is either connected by a suction line to the reaction liquid in the culture vessel and circulates the liquid or sucks it in from an own storage vessel (drawing 2). The module driving pump is composed of the following essential components:

-   -   Liquid pump.     -   Suction line.     -   Pressure line toward the culture vessel.     -   Filter (optional).

The use of liquid as the transport medium is then particularly useful, if the reaction liquid is to be enriched efficiently, but under avoidance of gas bubbles in the culture with gases, e.g. CO₂ dosage in cell culture media or dosage of minimum amounts of substances. The dosage of catalyzers or the dosage of biological active ingredients can for instance be mentioned here. Active ingredients are in most cases extremely expensive and are stable for long times in a concentrated form only. According to the invention, they are dosed with liquid modules (see below) in smallest amounts and in arbitrary combinations.

c) Module Liquid Feed.

The module liquid feed is composed of the following essential components (drawing 1):

-   -   Storage container liquid.     -   Pressure compensation line, branched-off from the pressure         compensation capillary.     -   Supply line to the clock valve and the Venturi nozzle.     -   Clock valve.     -   Venturi nozzle.

The liquid feed is filled with a liquid to be dosed to the reaction liquid in the culture vessel, and a remaining volume of gas of at least 2% of the volume of the feed must be present for the pressure compensation. If the transport medium is a liquid, there needs not to be provided the remaining volume of the gas and the pressure compensation by capillaries (drawing 2). Instead, the feed can be aerated with atmospheric external pressure for preventing an underpressure. The liquid feed can be installed in any position, suspended, standing, lying with regard to the device, and the the pressure compensation line should terminate in the present gas volume. The liquid feed has, compared to the liquid volume of the reaction liquid, a volume of 0.5 to 50%, preferably 5%. It is connected by a line to the clock valve V1, and the latter to the Venturi nozzle VD1. If the module gas supply or driving pump delivers a flow of transport medium via the Venturi nozzle, at the side inlet of the nozzle an underpressure will be generated, compared to the otherwise pressure-compensated system. With simultaneous opening of the clock valve V1, thus liquid is sucked in from the liquid feed toward the gas flow in the nozzle. The sucked-in amount of liquid correlates with the following parameters TABLE 2 Nozzle dimensions. Pressure and gas flow through the nozzle. Cross-sections of the supply line and of the clock valve. Viscosity of the liquid. Temperature. and can therefore be quantitatively and reproducibly calibrated. Therefore, it is possible to perform a quantitative dosage of liquid aliquots to the transport medium based on the cycle time of the valve V1 only at constant parameters according to Table 2. In the outlet of the nozzle, the sucked-in liquid and the transport medium are homogeneously mixed. Between the module gas supply or module drive (drawing 1 and 2) and the module culture vessel, several modules liquid feed, preferably 4 modules, can be installed. The installation can be parallel (preferred) or in series. In this way it is possible to quantitatively dose into the transport medium simultaneously no liquid to several different liquids, to combine them in any amounts and to homogeneously mix them before the inlet into the culture vessel. In biological cultures, beside the titration of the pH value with acids and lyes and the addition of means for foam abatement, in particular so-called “fed batch” methods are usual. Herein, one or several substrates, e.g. carbon or nitrogen source, are dosed to the culture in a controlled manner. The present device permits in a very simple way to vary the composition of the liquid dosage. For instance, by the variation of the cycle time only, substrate gradients can be established in dependence of the time or of culture-specific control parameters, or additional nutrients can be admixed, such as growth factors, minerals or vitamins from further liquid modules. d) Module Dosage Feed for Gases.

The module dosage feed for gases (FIGS. 3 and 4) is composed of the following essential components:

-   -   Gas container B2, adjustable by a piston in the filling volume.     -   Gas inlet.     -   Three-way valve.

The three-way valve is installed between the gas inlet and the gas container B2. The container fills up with gas, and the filling volume can be varied by the built-in piston, is thus however quantitatively known. If now a gas dosage is to be made, the three-way valve is switched over for a defined cycle time toward the Venturi nozzle, and it should be made sure that there is an underpressure at the nozzle generated by the transport medium. With known inlet pressure at the gas inlet, filling volume of the gas container and cycle time of the three-way valve, thus a quantitative gas dosage can be achieved. Between the module gas supply or module drive (drawing 1 and 2) and the module culture vessel, several modules gas dosage, preferably 2 modules, can be installed. The installation can be parallel (preferred) or in series. In this way it is possible to quantitatively dose into the transport medium simultaneously no gas to several different gases, to combine them in any amounts and to homogeneously mix them before the inlet into the culture vessel. The gas modules can be used in lieu of or in any combination with the liquid modules. In biological cell cultures, frequently CO₂ is employed for regulating the pH value, which can easily and quantitatively be dosed with this module under avoidance of gas bubbles in the reaction liquid. Furthermore, by the gas dosage, an artificial atmosphere can be created and controlled in the culture vessel, what is advantageous for biological cultures. Here can be named for instance the culture of plant cells, which prefer a higher CO₂ concentration (as a substrate), or the breeding of anaerobic organisms in a nitrogen or sulfur atmosphere.

e) Module Culture Vessel.

The module culture vessel is essentially composed of the following components:

-   -   Culture vessel KG1, filled with the reaction liquid and gas         space thereabove (headspace) and cover of the vessel.     -   Supply line for the transport medium.     -   Inlet valve EV1 with supply line into the headspace of the         culture vessel.     -   Inlet valve EV2 with supply line into the reaction liquid.     -   Ventilation nozzle BD1 in the reaction liquid.     -   Ejector nozzle AD1 in the headspace of the culture vessel.

By the inlet valves provided at the cover of the culture vessel, it is possible to select whether the transport medium is to be dosed into the air space of the culture vessel (headspace) or into the reaction liquid. The inlet valve EV1 to the headspace leads to an atomization nozzle AD1 installed in the air space, which again generates an atomization of the transport medium. The complete, atomized transport medium and the dosages go uniformly down on the surface of the reaction liquid. This fine distribution causes a quick mixture of the transport medium and the dosages with the reaction liquid and can lead to a more efficient use of the dosed liquid. The efficiency of anti-foam agents, which are dosed in this way, can hereby be increased by 10 times, thus the consumption can correspondingly be minimized. Further, it is possible to use a gas flow only without dosed liquid for foam abatement. The foam is simply “blown down” by the gas flow. Frequently, this effect is already sufficient for the foam abatement, without the necessity of subsequently dosing anti-foam agent as described above. The avoidance of anti-foam agents in biological processes is the highest aim, since they could have negative effects on the culture itself and on the later purification process, and are biologically poorly degradable and can therefore not easily be disposed of.

Headspace dosages in the above manner are mainly used, if an aeration of the surface of the reaction liquid only is desired, e.g. for anaerobic cultures or if liquids are dosed, which should have a fast effect on the reaction liquid. As an example, here is mentioned the titration of the pH value with acids or lyes, and the foam abatement in the manner described above. The inlet valve EV2 leads to a Venturi nozzle BD1 arranged in the reaction liquid. The transport medium (and the dosages) flows through the ventilation nozzle BD1 into the reaction liquid. Reaction liquid is sucked in at the side inlet of the nozzle because of the generated underpressure, said reaction liquid being effectively mixed in the outlet section of the nozzle. If the microorganisms (e.g. tissue cells) are not to be subjected to the shearing forces in the nozzle, the side inlet opening can be sealed by a filter membrane. In addition to the mixing effect drastically reducing the mixing times of the reaction liquid, and to the clearly accelerated gas exchange rates, very much smaller air bubbles are generated (with transport medium gas) than with prior art aerations. These smaller bubbles increase the border area available for the gas exchange between air bubble and reaction liquid, that is, they increase the gas exchange rate and remain for a longer time in the reaction liquid than large bubbles, thus increase the “gas hold-up” and therefore again the gas exchange rate. The gas is used in a more effective way, so that, depending from the kind of cultivation, shaking or stirring of the culture vessel is not necessary, if applicable. Furthermore the tendency to foam formation is minimized by smaller bubbles. If aerosols are dosed in this way, e.g. substrates in the gas flow, the shorter mixing times will lead to a faster, homogeneous distribution in the reaction liquid. Substrate gradients because of a poor mixture can be prevented, the culture is uniformly supplied in the desired manner.

The present invention has the advantage that it combines in a suitable way function modules for a completely new field of applications and thus unites a previously expensive and complex technology in a simple, compact device. The use of the device for biotechnical processes under sterile conditions becomes possible. Hereby, sectors become available to control functions, which up to now could not be solved by prior art devices. As an example is mentioned here the novel parallel fermentation of culture vessels, usually up to 16 vessels (Das GIP GmbH, www.das-gip.de), serving for the optimization of media and processes of biological methods. Herein, the effects of different parameters on the result of the culture are intended to be investigated under nearly production conditions, and with regard to measurement and control, the conditions of the production facility would already be desirable as far as possible, i.e. effective aeration and dosage of different liquids. As already mentioned above, such a parallel fermentation would require 96 pumps, 96 regulators and 16 controlled supply sections, and is therefore technically and economically practically not achievable and nonetheless does not meet, even when bubble columns are used as the culture vessel, the measurement and control conditions of a production facility. The trend is to a further miniaturization and increase of the number of culture vessels, in order to obtain in a shorter time more results in a reproducible and quantifiable form (recordable). This is not achievable anymore with prior art devices, however by means of the present invention. The function modules can be produced in any size and can thus be adjusted to the size of the culture vessel, and the volumes of the culture vessels may be between 1 ml and 50 cubic meters. For culture vessels having a liquid volume of 1 ml to 500 ml, the complete device including the liquid and gas feeds and the valve controller can be fixed at the neck of the culture vessel. The data exchange with the control EDP system takes place via an infrared interface. There is thus only one supply line to the culture vessel required, consisting of a gas supply line and a power supply. A further miniaturization of the device can take place by that the functional parts and supply lines are etched, cut or molded in corresponding materials, such as steel and plastic materials, and the valve function is achieved by inserted seals operated by pistons, or arbitrary other mini-valves. The device according to the invention can be combined with constructs in the culture vessel, e.g. patent application having the title “Device as construct for culture vessels for optimized aeration and dosage of shaken or stirred three-phase systems” (file number will be submitted later). By the combination, a high-performance culture vessel is generated, which reproduces and can simulate in a very simple way in a nearly arbitrary scale the complete measurement and control technology and the process parameters of a high-performance fermenter.

Example of Execution.

Materials:

-   -   Culture vessel: 1,000 ml Erlenmeyer flask (narrow neck) with         Kapsenberg.

Composition of the medium: Yeast extract for the microbiology  20 g/l Glucose for the microbiology   1 g/l Ammonium sulfate 1.5 g/l Common salt 0.1 molar Magnesium chloride 0.5 g/l Potassium phosphate buffer 0.1 molar, pH 7.2 as solvent Olive oil, extravirgine   1 ml/l

-   -   Three-way valve DV1: The Lee Company, type LHDA12311115H.     -   Clock valve V1, V2: The Lee Company, type LFVA 123021 0H.     -   Inlet valve EV1, EV2: The Lee Company, type LFVA 123021 0H.     -   Venturi nozzle VD1, VD2: Spraying Systems, type.     -   Ventilation nozzle BD1: Spraying Systems, type.     -   Ejector nozzle AD1: Spraying Systems, type.     -   Air container B1: Braun Melsungen, disposable syringe 50 ml with         Luer Lock.     -   Air filter F1: Sartorius, disposable sterile filter, 0.2 μm.     -   Liquid feeds: disposable ampules, 25 ml with flange cap and         rubber seal.     -   Hoses: Teflon hose, 1 mm inner diameter.     -   Couplings: Luer Lock.     -   Foam-detection: isolated needle with mass connection to the         reaction liquid.     -   Valve controller: Braun Melsungen DCU 3 system.

The components of the medium are obtainable from the usual specialist shops in identical quality. The components glucose and magnesium chloride are separately sterilized as suitable aliquots and then added under sterile conditions. The culture vessel was filled up with 500 ml medium and sterilized in the autoclave. The supply lines to the headspace and to the reaction liquid with the nozzles were guided through a bore in the cover, sealed and equally sterilized together with the vessel. The separation to the device according to the invention was made at the exit of the inlet valves. As liquid feeds served 24 ml glucose solution (100 g/l) and 24 ml anti-foam agent (Dow silicon oil, 10% suspension) each, which were separately sterilized. The device according to the invention was installed, as far as there were no other fixing means provided for the individual components, according to drawing 1 with Luer Lock fittings and Teflon hoses and fixed on a working panel. The power part between the air filter exit and the exit of the outlet valves as well as the supply and discharge lines of the liquid feed are decontaminated with 10 m soda lye (2 h), and then rinsed with sterile 0.1 m phosphate buffer pH 7.2. After the sterilization and cooling-down of the culture vessel, the inoculation was performed with a pure culture of the microorganism with one milliliter each under sterile conditions. The pure culture was produced from a tube E. coli, K12, obtainable from the German culture collection (DSM Hannover), and cultivation of the contents of this tube in 10 ml standard 1 medium (Merck Darmstadt) at 37° C. over 12 hours under sterile conditions. The optical density of the pure culture was at the time of the inoculation 0.9 OD (546 nm). The device was coupled with the inlet valves to the culture vessel and to the module gas supply. To the liquid feed 1 was connected the glucose solution, to the second one the anti-foam agent. The liquid feeds were used in a standing orientation. As a connection for the pressure superimposition, a short disposable injection needle as used, for the liquid removal a long one, which was passed through the rubber seal in a sterile manner. At the pressure air inlet, pressurized air with an overpressure of 0.5 bar was connected. The volume of the gas container was adjusted to 25 ml. The complete device and the culture vessel were tempered to 37° C. in an incubator. The culture vessel was not shaken, since the gas flow alone provided for a sufficient gas supply of the culture. The valves of the device according to the invention were connected to the control unit DCU3 and regulated, as shown in Table 3: TABLE 3 Gas supply: Clock rate 15 fillings and gas flows per minute, corresponds to a VF of 45 or 22.5 lair/h, inlet valve EV1 closed, EV2 open, i.e. gas flow into the reaction liquid. Liquid feed 1, substrate: Clock valve V1, opened four times per minute for 0.2 seconds, at the same time as the connection of a gas flow to the culture vessel, DV1 open toward the culture vessel, EV2 open, corresponds to a glucose dosage of 1 mi per hour. Liquid feed 2, anti-foam agent: Clock valve V2 normally closed. When the transducer needle indicates a foam signal, the following algorithm proceeds: inlet valve EV2 is closed, inlet valve EV1 opened, i.e. headspace aeration start of a timer. If the foam signal of the transducer needle is negative after 8 seconds, the valve EV1 is closed, and the valve EV2 opened, return to standard operation. If the foam signal continues being present, then at the same time as every clock signal of the gas supply, the clock valve V2 is opened for 1 second, and so anti-foam agent (18.7 ml/h) is admixed to the air flow of the gas supply. If the foam signal is after another 16 seconds still present, the valve EV2 is in addition opened, in order to supply gas to the culture again. This condition is maintained, until the signal of the transducer needle is negative. Then return to standard operation.

After 24 hours, the cultivation of the microorganisms was stopped, and the optical density (OD) was determined at 546 nm with a photometer. The OD of approx. 90 corresponds to the value to be expected in a high-performance fermenter and demonstrated the capabilities of the device. The substrate feed was completely consumed at this point of time. For the anti-foam agent was measured a consumption of approx. 2 ml, distinctly less than the amount, which a conventional fermenter would have needed for this result (approx. 12 ml, depending from the regulation algorithm).

During the execution of this example, the following could particularly clearly be observed:

-   -   The compact, simple type of execution of the device according to         the invention.     -   The effectivity of the “pulsed” aeration system in combination         with the ventilating nozzle.     -   The generated extremely fine gas bubbles.     -   The short mixing times of the system.     -   The performance of the foam abatement by the structure according         to the invention.     -   The precise uniform dosage of the liquids.

Once again it is emphasized that these results, which correspond to those of a high-performance fermenter, were achieved without shaking or stirring. In combinations with inserts, by shakers or stirrers, the performance can further be increased. Transport medium gas Module Module Module Module Gas supply Liquid feed Liquid feed Culture vessel F1 F2-Fn parallel Pressure mounted compensation capillary DG1 Air filter F1 Three-way Clock valve Clock valve Inlet valves valve DV1 V1 V2-Vn EV1/EV2 Pressure Headspace/liquid gas inlet Venturi nozzle Venturi nozzle Sealing cap VD1 VD2-VDn Culture vessel KG1 Ejector nozzle AD1 Level of liquid Gas container Ventilation B1 nozzle BD1 Transport medium liquid Module Module Module Module Driving pump Liquid feed Liquid feed Culture vessel F1 F2-Fn parallel mounted Liquid pump Clock valve Clock valve Inlet valves V1 V2-Vn EV1/EV2 Headspace/liquid Venturi nozzle Venturi nozzle Sealing cap Suction line VD1 VD2-VDn Culture vessel KG1 Ejector nozzle AD1 Level of liquid Ventilation nozzle BD1 Dosage feed for gases, transport medium gas Gas container Gas inlet B2 Air filter Three-way valve F1 Pressure gas Three-way valve Toward culture inlet DV1 vessel Venturi nozzle VD1 Gas container B1 Dosage feed for gases, transport medium liquid Gas container Gas inlet B2 Three-way valve Liquid pump Toward culture vessel Venturi nozzle From culture VD1 vessel Suction line 

1. A method for the dosed addition of one or several fluids or fluid mixtures to one or several culture vessels, characterized by the use of at least one carrier fluid, which is quantitatively, discontinuously taken through a clock valve from a pressurized storage vessel having a defined internal volume.
 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a carrier gas or a carrier gas mixture.
 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the use of a carrier liquid or a carrier liquid mixture.
 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized by that the fluid(s) to be dosed are admixed to the carrier fluid(s) in a dosed manner through one or several Venturi nozzles.
 5. A method according to claim 1 one of claims 1, characterized by that the supply to the reaction medium in the culture vessel takes place through a Venturi nozzle for a better mixture.
 6. A method according to claim 1, characterized by that a filter or the like at the side inlet of the Venturi nozzle in the reaction medium prevents the ingress of microorganisms into the nozzle.
 7. A method according to claim 1, characterized by a supply line to a headspace of the culture vessel.
 8. A method according to claim 1, characterized by an atomization device such as e.g. an ejector nozzle at the entrance of a headspace of the culture vessel.
 9. A method according to claim 1, characterized by a commutation of the supply to the culture vessel from the supply to the reaction medium to the supply to a headspace of the culture vessel and vice versa.
 10. A method according to claim 2, characterized by that the carrier gas or the carrier gas mixture is taken from a gas container under overpressure.
 11. A method according to claim 10, characterized by that the pressure in the gas container during the process is increased again once or several times after one removal or several removals through a supply line.
 12. A method according to claim 1 for the dosage of several fluids, characterized by that they are admixed to the carrier fluid through various Venturi nozzles in series or parallel connection, preferably parallel connection, at the same time or in any order.
 13. A device for dosing gases or liquids or mixtures thereof for use at culture vessels for biological and biochemical reactions, characterized by that the device comprises at least one gas supply module according to drawing 1 or a module driving pump according to drawing 2 for producing a carrier fluid, a Venturi nozzle with clock valve and liquid feed with a pressure compensation capillary, or a dosage feed for gases, and a supply line, which terminates in the reaction liquid or in a headspace of the culture vessel, and wherein the gas supply module or the driving pump module generates a flow of carrier fluid, continuously or discontinuously, through the supply line toward the culture vessel.
 14. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the volume of the gas is between 1 and 40% of the volume of the culture vessel.
 15. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the volume of the gas can be varied by a piston in the range of 0 to 100% of the total volume.
 16. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the clock rate of the valve(s) can be adjusted to the “gas hold-up” of the gas bubbles in the culture vessel, preferably is identical thereto, and the amount of the passed-through gas is performed by adjusting the piston according to claim
 15. 17. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that at least 1 liquid supply module or gas supply module according to drawing 1 is installed between the three-way valve and the culture vessel.
 18. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the liquid supply module is composed of at least one Venturi nozzle and a liquid container, and the pressure compensation can take place either through the pressure compensation capillary to the gas container or through a connection to the external atmosphere.
 19. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the liquid feeds are installed in any position, suspended, standing, lying with regard to the device and always have an air space of at least 2% of the total volume, into which the pressure compensation can take place.
 20. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the gas dosage feed is composed of at least one gas inlet, a three-way valve or 2 valves, a gas container with variable internal volume (analogous to claim 15), and a valve opening is connected to a side inlet of a Venturi nozzle.
 21. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the dimensions of the components of the device and thus the properties according to the invention can be adjusted to culture vessels from 1 milliliter to 50 liters volume.
 22. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that by means of the device, in particular also according to claim 8, better mixtures and exchange rates with the reaction liquid are obtained, so that, depending from the kind of cultivation, shaking or stirring of the culture vessel is not necessary.
 23. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the tendency to foam formation of the reaction liquid is reduced by the kind of the discontinuous aeration and the gas supply.
 24. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that by the combination gas/liquid dosage, whether in the reaction liquid or in the headspace of the culture vessel, a shorter mixing time with the reaction liquid is achieved, and thus concentration gradients (e.g. substrate) are minimized.
 25. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that in particular by the dosage into the headspace of the culture vessel, a more effective use of the properties of the dosed liquids takes place.
 26. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that by the use of the device, the consumption of anti-foam agents can be minimized.
 27. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the thus dosed liquids or a combination of several of them can have an effect on the reaction liquid.
 28. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the gases dosed are used for generating an artificial atmosphere in the headspace of the culture vessel.
 29. A device according to claim 13, characterized by that the device is only connected to a power supply and transport medium supply, and all measurement and control parameters are exchanged with the control EDP system via an infrared interface.
 30. A bio-reactor for the cultivation of cells, in particular according to the method of claim 1, comprising a culture vessel, one or several gas supplies and/or one or several liquid supplies as well as supply devices for gases and/or liquids, by means of which gases and/or liquids can be added to the culture vessel, wherein between the supply device and the gas supply or liquid supply, a mixing device, in particular a Venturi nozzle, for mixing gas and/or liquid from the gas supply or the liquid feed is installed.
 31. A bio-reactor according to claim 30, wherein gas and liquid are mixed to an aerosol.
 32. A bio-reactor according to claim 30, wherein between the mixing device and the gas supply or liquid feed, controllable valves, in particular clock valves, are installed.
 33. A method for operating a bio-reactor according to one of claims 30 to 32, wherein a gas or a liquid is used as a carrier fluid, wherein a gas or a liquid is admixed to the carrier fluid in the mixing device, and wherein the proportions of the mixed fluids are defined and are controlled or regulated.
 34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the mixed fluids are added in a defined mass flow to the culture vessel. 